Description: Caption reads: "Hayes Mansion, Spiegel Grove, Fremont, Ohio (Sandusky Co - District 9). Home of Rutherford B. Hayes, president of U. S., maintained today as it was when Hayes lived here during the latter part of his life. With the Hayes Memorial and Spiegel Grove, the surrounding grounds, if forms a State Park." Hayes House, built in 1859, is a large red brick Victorian style structure in located at 1337 Hayes Avenue in Fremont Ohio. It stands in Spiegel Grove State Park, the former Hayes Estate. It was the residence of the former President from 1873 to 1893. The 2-story mansion, constructed between 1859 and 1863 has 8 bedrooms and a large veranda. The home was remodeled twice, in 1880 (adding a large library and an impressive staircase leading to a rooftop observation area, as well as many other improvements) and 1889 (replacing and enlarging one wing). Hayes was the nineteenth (19th) President of the United States, serving from 1877-1881. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B02F02_001_1
Subjects: State Parks--Ohio--Pictorial works.; Spiegel Grove (Fremont, Ohio); Hayes Presidential Center (Fremont, Ohio); Rutherford B. Hayes Memorial Library (Fremont, Ohio); Hayes, Rutherford Birchard, 1822-1893
Places: Fremont (Ohio); Sandusky County (Ohio)
 

Description: Handwritten on reverse: "Hayes Memorial" The Hayes Memorial was built in 1915, when the Hayes estate was turned over to the state and was expanded in 1922 and again in 1968. The Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Center is a complex comprising several buildings related to the life and presidency of Rutherford B. Hayes. Located in Fremont, Ohio, the center comprises the Rutherford B. Hayes Museum and Library and Spiegel Grove, an estate encompassing the Hayes home, residence to several generations of the Hayes family. Opened in 1916, the Rutherford B. Hayes Center Library was the first presidential library and one of only three for a 19th-century president. The Center is supported by the private foundations, the Ohio Historical Society and Hayes Presidential Center Inc. The library holds the 12,000 volume personal library of Rutherford B. Hayes, as well as materials relating to his military and political career, particularly of his presidency from 1877 to 1881. It also contains 70,000 volumes plus newspapers and journals from the time of the Civil War to the eve of World War I. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B09F10_043_1
Subjects: State Parks--Ohio--Pictorial works.; Spiegel Grove (Fremont, Ohio); Hayes Presidential Center (Fremont, Ohio); Rutherford B. Hayes Memorial Library (Fremont, Ohio); Hayes, Rutherford Birchard, 1822-1893
Places: Fremont (Ohio); Sandusky County (Ohio)
 

Description: Reverse reads: “Hayes Home Fremont, O. Aug 10-39. Keep this for copy” The Hayes House was built in 1859 as a summer home for Rutherford Birchard Hayes (1822-1893), 19th President of the United States. Built as a two story brick mansion, the Victoria home featured many bedrooms and a wrap-around porch. The Hayes House stands on 25 acres of wooded land that were part of the President's estate on Spiegel Grove. Hayes and his wife, Lucy retired at the estate following their residence in the White House and both spent their last days in the home. Numerous trees shade the property, giving it an aura of wealth and elegance. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B06F07_002_1
Subjects: Hayes, Rutherford Birchard, 1822-1893; Spiegel Grove (Fremont, Ohio); Hayes Presidential Center (Fremont, Ohio); Presidents -- Dwellings -- Ohio
Places: Fremont (Ohio); Sandusky County (Ohio)
 

Description: Two photographs depict Spiegel Grove, home of President Rutherford B. Hayes and his family. The thirty-three room mansion was built by Sardis Birchard, Hayes's uncle and guardian, between 1859 and 1865. Rutherford B. Hayes especially loved the veranda of the home. In an 1873 diary entry he wrote: "The best part of the present house is the veranda. But I would enlarge it. I want a veranda with a house attached!" The home is now part of the Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Center, which includes a library and museum, and the tomb of the president and his wife Lucy Webb Hayes. The first image measures 5" by 7" (12.7 by 17.8 cm), the second measures 8" by 10" (20.32 by 25.4 cm). Rutherford B. Hayes (1822-1893) was the fifth child of Rutherford and Sophia Birchard Hayes, who came to Ohio in 1817 from Vermont. He was born in Delaware, Ohio, two months after the death of his father. Young Rutherford and sister Fanny Arabella were raised by their mother and her younger bachelor brother Sardis Birchard. Hayes graduated from Kenyon College in Gambier, Ohio in 1842 and from Harvard Law School in 1845. He began his law practice in Lower Sandusky, but moved in 1849 to Cincinnati, where he became a successful lawyer, a Republican, and an opponent of slavery. Hayes was elected to Congress during the Civil War despite his refusal to campaign. He was reelected in 1866. The following year Ohio voters elected him governor. He retired to Fremont after completing his second gubernatorial term in 1872, but was elected for a third term in 1875. That same year, the Republican Party chose Hayes as its presidential candidate. He won the 1876 election only after the creation of a special commission to decide disputed electoral votes. Honoring his commitment not to accept a second term, Hayes spent the remainder of his life at Spiegel Grove. Lucy Webb Hayes (1831-1889) was born Lucy Ware Webb in Chillicothe, Ohio. Lucy and Rutherford B. Hayes were married in 1852. They had eight children, five of whom survived to adulthood. She is noteworthy as the first wife of a president to be called "First Lady" and the first to have graduated from college. As First Lady, she banned the serving of alcohol in the White House, giving her the nickname "Lemonade Lucy." A strong anti-slavery supporter, Lucy worked for many social causes, including scholarships for Native Americans and donations for the poor. When Congress banned children from rolling out their Easter eggs on the grounds of the Capitol, Lucy invited the children to the White House. The tradition continues today. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: Om3210_3831339_001
Subjects: Presidents and Politics; Architecture; Arts and Entertainment; Hayes, Rutherford Birchard, 1822-1893; Presidents; Houses; Porches
Places: Fremont (Ohio); Sandusky County (Ohio)
 

Description: Lithograph of Rutherford B. Hayes (1822-1893), Republican candidate for president in the 1876 election. Hayes was a successful governor of Ohio and went on to defeat Democrat Samuel Tilden of New York in a highly-contested election. Despite losing the popular vote, Hayes won the Electoral College and was granted the presidency by the Congress after agreements were made to end Reconstruction in the South, a deal that would be known as the Compromise of 1877. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: OVS3328
Subjects: Ohio History--Presidents and Politics; Candidates for president; Hayes, Rutherford Birchard, 1822-1893; Presidential campaigns; Ohio--Politics and government; Governors--Ohio
Places: Fremont (Ohio); Sandusky County (Ohio); Delaware (Ohio); Delaware County (Ohio)
 

Description: Portrait of Governor Rutherford B. Hayes who was elected to serve three, two year terms as Governor of Ohio from 1868-1872 and 1875-1876. He did not finish his third term because he was elected President in 1876. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL00581
Subjects: Hayes, Rutherford Birchard, 1822-1893; Ohio History--Presidents and Politics
Places: Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio)
 

Description: Illustrated portrait of Lucy Ware Webb Hayes. She was born in Chillicothe, Ohio, on August 28, 1831, the youngest of three children of James Webb and Maria Cook Webb. Her father was a medical doctor. When Lucy was two years old, her father died of cholera after attending many slaves afflicted with the disease. He also lost his parents and a brother to the disease. Lucy attended elementary school in Chillicothe, and when her brothers attended Ohio Wesleyan College in Delaware, the family moved to be closer to them. Although females were not allowed to attend the college, she was able to take several classes and received credit for them. At age 16, she enrolled in Cincinnati Wesleyan Female College, graduating in 1850. On December 30, 1852, Lucy, then 21, married Rutherford B. Hayes in the home of her mother in Cincinnati, Ohio. Lucy was the first President's wife to be called First Lady. She was against drinking alcohol and became know as Lemonade Lucy for her non-alcoholic dinners. She also established the Easter Egg Roll at the White House. Rutherford B Hayes served only one term as President, retiring with his family to his home in Fremont, Ohio, called Spiegel Grove in 1881. Lucy died of a stroke on June 25, 1889 and was buried in Fremont. Three years later, her husband followed her in death. Later they were re-interred in Spiegel Grove in 1915. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B15F01_044
Subjects: Hayes, Lucy Webb, 1831-1889; Hayes, Rutherford Birchard, 1822-1893; Illustrations; Wesleyan Female College (Cincinnati, Ohio);
Places: Fremont (Ohio); Sandusky County (Ohio)
 

Description: This cartoon shows President Rutherford B. Hayes, in office 1877-1881, leaving a baby on the doorstep of his successor, James Garfield, who has answered the door in his pajamas. The baby is identified as Civil Service Reform. Hayes sneaks away, looking over his shoulder and carrying a suitcase labeled "Savings" which he is taking back to his hometown of Fremont, Ohio. Prior to the Hayes administration, civil service posts within federal, state, and local governments were commonly awarded on the basis of party affiliation rather than merit. The reform of this practice was a key issue of concern for the Progressives. As president, Hayes had attempted to institute civil service reforms that would have required appointments to be based on merit. As a result, he angered many in his own Republican party. Hayes's efforts to reform the civil service were unfinished when his one term as president expired, leaving the problem for President Garfield, as referred to by the cartoon. Later in 1881, President Garfield was assassinated by a disappointed office-seeker. This encouraged Congress to finally pass a civil service reform bill, the Pendelton Act, in 1883. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: CA6_F01_01
Subjects: Garfield, James A. (James Abram), 1831-1881; Hayes, Rutherford Birchard, 1822-1893; Civil service reform; Political culture--Ohio--History; Presidents--United States;
 

Description: Portrait of Civil War veteran, Ohio Governor and United States President Rutherford B. Hayes later in life, 1886. During the Civil War Hayes served in the 23rd Ohio Volunteer Infantry with another future President, William McKinley. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL00583
Subjects: Hayes, Rutherford Birchard, 1822-1893; Ohio History--Military Ohio
Places: Toledo (Ohio); Lucas County (Ohio)
 

Description: This photograph is an exterior view of Spiegel Grove, the former home of U.S. president Rutherford B. Hayes, in Fremont, Ohio. A portion of another building is visible on the photograph's right side. Spiegel Grove is the former home of President Rutherford Birchard Hayes (1822-1893). The Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Center currently occupies the site, which is open to the public under the direction of the Ohio Historical Society. Spiegel Grove was constructed from 1859-1863. (“Spiegel” is the German word for “mirror,” and the home is named after pools of water that form on the estate’s grounds after a rain.) The home’s original owner was Sardis Birchard, Hayes’s uncle and guardian, who used Spiegel Grove as a summer residence. Hayes became Spiegel Grove’s owner in 1873, and he made it his permanent home. Upon completion of his presidency in 1881, Hayes expanded the home to make room for his 12,000-volume library, to provide additional room for guests, and also to install indoor plumbing. In 1889, Hayes ordered the construction of another addition to make room for his children and grandchildren who commonly visited. This final addition created a thirty-one-room mansion. Both Hayes and his wife, Lucy Hayes, died at Spiegel Grove and are interred on the grounds. Spiegel Grove remained in the Hayes family until the first decade of the 1900s, when the family deeded the property to the State of Ohio. In 1916, a museum and library opened on the site, commemorating Hayes’s political and military contributions to Ohio and to the United States. This was the first presidential library commemorating a United States president. Spiegel Grove is on the National Register of Historic Places. This image of Spiegel Grove was among the photographs produced by the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA) between 1935 and 1943. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL06393
Subjects: Spiegel Grove (Fremont, Ohio); Hayes, Rutherford Birchard, 1822-1893; United States. Work Progress Administration; National Register of Historic Places; Fremont (Ohio)
Places: Fremont (Ohio); Sandusky County (Ohio)
 

Description: The regimental flag of the 23rd Ohio Volunteer Infantry (O.V.I.) is displayed in an 8 by 10-inch (20.32 by 25.40 cm) photograph. A painting by commercial artist Robert Needham shows the flag's original appearance. The blue flag bears the arms of the United States, an eagle with a shield on its chest holding an olive branch and a bundle of arrows and a red scroll with the national motto "E Pluribus Unum" in its beak. Below the arms is a red scroll containing the text "23rd Regt. Ohio Vols." Names of battles in which the regiment participated are painted to the left and right of the arms. Nicknamed the "Regiment of Two Presidents," the 23rd could claim Rutherford B. Hayes and William McKinley as its own. Joseph T. Webb, brother of Lucy Webb Hayes, was also a member. It was organized in June 1861 at Camp Chase in Columbus. Among the battles in which the regiment fought were South Mountain, Antietam, Winchester, and Opequan. Two hundred and ninety men of the regiment died in battle or from disease. The regiment was mustered out in July 1865. Ohio battle flags were on display at the Ohio Statehouse until the 1960s, when efforts were taken to restore the fragile flags. Some of the battle flags were on display at the Ohio History Center from 1970 until 1989. For conservation reasons, the flags have been in storage since 1989. The collection was photographed in the 1960s, and paintings were made that recreate badly deteriorated flags. The images are now part of the Ohio Historical Society's archival collections. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: Om288_1116300_038
Subjects: Military Ohio; Civil War; Flags; 23rd Ohio Volunteer Infantry (O.V.I.); McKinley, William, 1843-1901; Hayes, Rutherford Birchard, 1822-1893
Places: Ohio
 

Description: Pink ribbons were worn by trustees of the Ohio Archaeological and Historical Society (now the Ohio Historical Society) at the dedicatory exercises for the Hayes Memorial Library and Museum. The site was dedicated on Memorial Day, May 30, 1916 in the Spiegel Grove State Park, Fremont, Ohio. At 8:00 am the building was "thrown open...for the exclusive use of the school children and teachers of the Public Schools and of St. Ann's and St. Joseph's Parochial Schools, on the way to the cemeteries to decorate the graves of Soldiers." Governor Frank B. Willis made a presentation, as did George Kinney, mayor of Fremont, and United States Senator Warren G. Harding. The front cover includes an image of the Hayes Memorial Library and Museum and the back depicts Spiegel Grove. The program measures 5" by 7" (12.7 by 17.8 cm). The Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Center contains the residence of Rutherford B. Hayes, 19th president of the United States, a library and museum, and the tomb of the president and his wife Lucy Webb Hayes. The library and museum building houses the personal papers and mementos of the Hayes family, the Civil War, and the White House. The tomb is encased in a monument of Vermont granite from the president's father's farm. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: Om3208_3831327_001
Subjects: Presidents and Politics; Architecture; Arts and Entertainment; Literary Ohio; Hayes, Rutherford Birchard, 1822-1893; Presidents; Building dedications; Monuments & memorials; Libraries; Galleries & museums; Ribbons; Ohio Historical Society
Places: Fremont (Ohio); Sandusky County (Ohio)